Leadership - MAO ZEDONG Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership - MAO ZEDONG - Essay Example The story of Mao Zedong is one the Chinese reflect on to date. People understand that the situation of his growth to a national figure started by the decision to make a difference in the society. The idea was to allow people to understand they had rights. He wanted to show the society that even peasant farmers have a voice when it comes to making the choices within the society. He was born to wealthy farmer. From the beginning, Mao took up the nationalism sceptre as his guide towards the issues taking place within the organization. In many sessions, Mao was willing to lead the people towards a revolution and create a platform that would give them a say in the issues of the society (Shuyun, 2006). However, upon taking the leadership, he created the People’s Republic of China and stated that one party, the Communist Party of China, would control it. This reduced the participation of the people because only those accepted at the party level would have a chance at the leadership levels in the country. He played a psychological card that made it easy for him to consolidate his leadership in the country after taking up his position as the leader of the new republic (Shuyun, 2006). He wanted to see the country develop and his idea of the great leap forward was to see the country better managed, developing, and increasing its appeal to everyone across the world. People would get a chance to participate in the growth by learning new skills that would be essential for the general improvement of their lives. This set the country apart towards the achievement of greatness (Chang, & Halliday, 2005). A variety of leadership styles can be used to define the life of Mao as a leader of the great country of China. At the very start of his journey towards meeting the ideals of his people as a revolutionary, Mao was using a contingency theory of leader. Here, the leader knew that the only way of making it work in the country was by changing the leadership styles to

The initial stages of big business Essay Example for Free

The initial stages of big business Essay While the initial stages of big business trace back to pre-Civil War America, it was not until the post-Civil War time period that large corporations effected on American society. From Rockefeller to Vanderbilt to Carnegie and all in between, these men and their businesses had unprecedented influence on American life. John Rockefeller created the Standard Oil Trust, with the intention of his business, Standard Oil Company, becoming the oil monopoly; short after, The Homestead Strike against Carnegie Steel aroused massive public support for unions. Likewise, big businesses’ growth and influences brought about a decline in the cost of living and the birth of a new political party. As a whole, the rise of big business in post-Civil War America caused a downward economic spiral while simultaneously increasing American hostility toward government and corporations, ultimately leading to the birth of new political and philosophical movements. The growth of corporations in post-Civil War America led to economic deflation which subsequently widened the gap between the rich and the poor, paving the way for a change in labor and the relationships between social classes. The chart form Historical Statistics of the United States depicts the connection of the increase in big business with the improved innovations of mass production in agriculture. While improved farming equipment increased the crop production, the demand for produce declined, creating economic deflation. In response to the farmer’s plight, Charles Macune came up with the idea of the subtreasury plan, a plan that would allow farmers to store their nonperishable commodities in government warehouses until the market prices rose. Also, as a response to the farmer’s struggle the Farmer’s Alliance was created with the intention of alleviating farming hardships. Similar to agricultural mass production, Theodore Dreiser’s Sister Carrie demonstrates how the rise in big business contributed to the mass production that spurred department stores. Department stores like Macy’s and Wanamaker’s sold mass amounts of the same product for rock-bottom prices. As opposed to the few that could afford the pricey handmade garments in years prior, these prices allowed the masses to engage in commercial activity. The growth of big businesses clearly goes hand-in-hand with consolidation, where there is an increase availability of consumer goods for society. In order for there to be department stores and an increase in agricultural innovations, there need to be a transition from specialized labor to mass production. David Well’s, Recent Economic Changes†¦ asserts the opinions of a corporation leader on the switch to mass production by comparing its effectiveness and necessity to that of a military. While Wells believes specialization of labor left workers unskilled and useless, mass production stripped the worker of his independence and decreased the worker’s pride in his craft. The economic demands for mass production created sweatshops as opposed to the one-man-owned small businesses that operated prior. The rise of big business changed labor production and impacted the economy with mass production; it also changed the labor force, allowing more opportunity for employment. Prior to this time, women generally were not active in the work force, yet the picture of female typists depicts a slew of women preforming the same task. Mass production allows for more labor opportunities because unspecialized labor entails little skill. By requiring more workers, big businesses have opened the doors for women in the workplace. Andrew Carnegie’s, â€Å"Wealth† displays how the general population felt the impact of big business through the theories of â€Å"Social Darwinism† and â€Å"Social Gospel. † Carnegie believed that the wealthy were fit for success and money which is why they should handle the finances as opposed to the poor, who were subject to elites’ decisions. However, the rich needed to use their surplus funds to better the community and the lives of the less fortunate because, â€Å"He who dies rich dies in disgrace. Carnegie was a model of â€Å"Social Gospel,† considering munificent donations to parks, universities, and museums. Due to these theories, the poor experienced a new financial relationship with the wealthy, where they received generous luxuries. The impacts of big business influenced the economy and lead to deflation, a larger economic gap between the rich and the poor, a change in labor, alterations in relationships between social classes , and ultimately contributed to shifts in government that spawned new political ideals. Similar to the economic alterations brought about by the growth of corporations, big businesses contributed to a corrupt government and a wave of unprecedented political movements. The cartoon, â€Å"Big Bosses of the Senate illustrates the public’s view of government being run by the leaders of large corporations and senators aligned with trusts. The issue with the senate was that senators were not directly elected by the people and the senate was close to less powerful citizens. This allowed men with their own financial goals ahead of the welfare of the people to be elected. Cartoonist Thomas Nast earned fame with a portrayal of senator â€Å"Boss† Tweed, New York City’s wealthy convicted fraud and extortionist, as a vulture devouring the city’s bones. In 1869, Tweed proved he was a corrupt politician when used his power to ensure his protege, John Hoffman won governor, bribed Republicans, and was convicted of forgery and larceny. Due to the corruption in government, the Sherman Anti-Trust act was created; this legislation outlawed trusts and monopolies that fixed prices. In response to the corruption the Congress passed the Pendleton Civil Service, where candidates for federal positions were thoroughly examined, and the Interstate Commerce Act, where the Interstate Commerce Commission oversaw the interstate practices of the railroad industry. Another issue with government that was directly related to big business was the lack of organized labor. George McNeil’s, The Labor Movement, explains how helpless laborers felt about the excess power of those in charge of large companies. To challenge the unrestrained power, Oliver Kelley founded the Grange, an organization intended to help farmers, â€Å"buy less and produce more, in order to make famers more self-sustaining. † The Grange focused their wrath on attacking railroads which charged higher rates for short runs as opposed to long hauls. In 1877, the Grange brought the court case Munn V. S. Illinois to the Supreme Court; the Supreme Court declared the â€Å"Granger Laws† (there appeals to the railroads) as constitutional and upheld the law that set a maximum rate for the storage of grain. While the Grange targeted some of the public’s issues with leader’s unrestrained power, most people felt like they were being exploited by large firms and wanted a way to stand up to the leaders. Samuel Gomper’s, What Does Labor Want addresses the public’s desire for unions that will ensure adequate wages and compensation for company’s negligence. Since so many American’s desired the right to directly elect senators and have the right to organize, the political party, the Populist Party, was formed with a platform containing the direct election of senators, civil service reform, and an eight-hour workday. The document, â€Å"People’s Party Platform,† discusses how the Populist Party was dedicated to returning the government to the people, ending oppression, injustice, and poverty, and strengthening central government. The Populist Party supported referendum, the policy where voters could enact a law or express their views a proposed measure, and the subtreasury plan. Major advocates of the Populist Party included James Weaver who was the president of the party and a presidential candidate in 1892, galvanized supporters, and forefront speaker Mary Lease who spoke about big businesses making Americans â€Å"wage slaves. Henceforth, the growth of big businesses’ contributions to a corrupt unrestrained government and newfound political movements consequently produced a plethora of sentiments from the American people. The effects of big business in post-Civil war America roused avid opinions from citizens in response to the third-class population and corporation leader’s excessive power. Carnegie’s â€Å"Wealth† exhibits the prominent turn-of-the-century philosophy of â€Å"Social Gospel,† the belief that great wealth comes with great responsibilities. The belief came about in response to the unprecedented surplus of wealth the wealthy acquired through their profitable business endeavors. Carnegie warned the public the, â€Å"The man who dies thus rich dies disgraced,† because men have the duty to regard their surplus fortunes as a trust to be administered for the benefit of the community. Despite the fact that Carnegie responded positively to the impacts of growing corporations, many people found themselves dissatisfied with their new working conditions. McNeil’s, Labor Movement, demonstrates the laborer’s belief that the leaders of big business obtain too much power and control over the workers. The leaders placed unfair monopolies on the food and fuel industries, corrupted the government, withheld lawful wages, and discharged and employee without cause. If employers tried to organize, corporation leaders could resort to blacklisting, a method in which he would close a factory to break a labor movement before a union could form. The majority of citizens did not respond well to the unrestrained power; Gomper’s, What Does Labor Want, documents labor’s demands for the right to organize, adequate wages, and compensation for company’s negligence. In response to the people’s demands, Terrence Powderly founded the Knights of Labor, an organization which attempted to unify all working men and women. The Knights of Labor denounced â€Å"wage-slavery† and encouraged workers to combine their wages so that they could collectively purchase mines, factories, and stores. After declining in national importance, the American Federation of Labor (AFL), an alliance of skilled workers in craft unions, began to grow. The AFL opposed political activity not directly related to the union and advocated its â€Å"bread and butter† goals such as higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions. Over time, the AFL grew to be America’s most powerful labor union and in 1904, Samuel Gompers was recognized as the national spokesman for American laborers. While many people’s plights were alleviated by these organizations, some people still were devastated by the expansion of big business. George Rice’s â€Å"How I was ruined by Rockefeller,† demonstrates how Rockefeller’s monopoly on oil poked major holes in Rice’s wallet. Rice could only by the Standard Oil Company’s oil, as opposed his prior oil that was not only the same quality oil, but also, it was three cents cheaper. This practice exemplified the â€Å"American Rose Theory,† where in order for a gardener to have the best rose, he needs to cut all the other roses; in order for a company to be the best, it needed to eliminate all of its competition. This theory also plays into vertical integration, where a company buys out its competitors in order to ensure that it is the greatest. As a whole, the growth of corporations’ effects on the economy and politics were the main reasons for new philosophies pertaining to the social classes and new political demands and ideals. From the severe economic deflation, to the increased political tensions, to the birth of new political and philosophical movements, the impacts of growing big business on all aspects of post-Civil War American life are truly evident. Had mass production not contributed to agricultural innovations, then the economic deflation would not have had such a profound effect on farmer’s livelihoods. If the government was not controlled by large corporation leaders and senators aligned with trusts, then there is a large possibility that the Populist Party would have never been born. If the people were not perturbed by leader’s power, then labor movements such as the American Federation of Labor would not have occurred. Overall, the rise of big business completely changed the face and functions of American society.

Cystic Fibrosis :: essays research papers

Cystic Fibrosis Shelby Parker sits in the lotus position in the middle of a hospital bed, her slender arms resting on the pillow in her lap. Cystic fibrosis is catching up with her. At 23 years old Shelby stands at five foot two inches and weighs seventy pounds. She seems impossibly thin, her limbs are so frail it's a wonder she can lift a glass of water.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Just a year ago, Shelby was a fulltime college student, but now she spends day and night connected to an oxygen tank. A hose runs into her nose, another pumps intravenous antibiotics into her arm. An infection almost killed her in January, and nothing short of a lung transplant will save her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A tiny doe-eyed women with a child's voice, Shelby is in a life and death show down with her disease. Her lungs, scarred by repeated infections, are failing. Ten years ago, death would have loomed certain. Today there is hope. Just a few miles from where Shelby waits, doctors at the University of North Carolina are leading a national effort to cure cystic fibrosis by repairing the faulty gene that causes the disease. But that prospect is still very far off.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For Shelby, the only real hope lies in the hands her doctors who have the power to remove her weak, scarred lungs and replace them with a healthy set.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cystic Fibrosis is a disease caused by an inherited genetic defect. It is not contagious, yet about one in twenty-three people in the United States carry at least one defective gene. This statistic makes cystic fibrosis the most common genetic defect of its severity in the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For many, cystic fibrosis used to be known as a childhood disease, and to some it still is. Just thirty years ago, the median survival age was only eight, but thanks to medical advances, life expectancy is now just under forty for cystic fibrosis patients. Today there are an alarming number of adults with this disease who face an added set of problems such as: finding health insurance, going to college, getting a job, and building permanent relationships- all while keeping up physical therapy and medications. For many years the causes of cystic fibrosis were a mystery, but recent advances in biology have made the reasons much more clear. Humans have a gene encoded in their DNA, which manufactures a special protein called CFTR. This protein controls the flow of chloride ions across the cell membrane.

Music in the Roman Catholic Church Essay

The history of music draws back even to the history of the human race. Through the years, music evolved into a much complicated entity and served roles up to the level of the metaphysical. Music in the Roman Catholic Church started out during the time of Pope Gregory. They were then called canticles. This music is still part or the church’s liturgy today, but is now called Gregorian chants. Music plays a vital role in the Roman Catholic Church. In 1907, Richard R. Terry wrote a book entitled â€Å"Catholic Church Music†. He put into writing all the essential elements in Roman Catholic music. He also included the principles in church music. He defined sacred music as a complementary part of the solemn liturgy, which is the glory of God. The music possesses the qualities of the highest level, which fits on the liturgy. The form is good and holy, bringing forth universality. It is a form of art, for those who listen to it should exercise in their minds the sanctity of the liturgy embedded on to the music. At the same time, it is universal, that all nations may be able to admit the compositions into their own native music. The greatest composer of liturgical music is Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina. He was born in Palestrina in 1514 or 1515. According to documents in the Vatican, when Pierluigi was young, he would sing in the streets of Rome while selling the products of his parents’ farm. He composed madrigals, motets, psalms, and hymns in honor of the Virgin Mary, embodying liturgy into music and setting the minds of the congregation to the one and only God. The masses that he created gave him the title of â€Å"Prince of Music†. Works Cited â€Å"Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina†. newadvent. org. New Advent, n. d. Web. 4 May 2010. Terry, Richard. Catholic Church Music. London, Greening & Co. , Ltd, 1907. Print. â€Å"The history of music in church worship. essortment. com. essortment, n. d. Web. 4 May 2010.

Governmen assistance programs

Thousands of people rely on these services daily, without these programs for some daily life is not possible. I for one oppose these government assistance programs and agree with the statement † Welfare has become a system that creates dependency and is a crutch for which individuals never aspire to do better†. Food Stamps otherwise known as Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP). It is a federal aid program, administered by the U. S. Department of Agriculture.SNAP is the largest nutrition assistance program and is estimated to eave served more than 40 million low income Americans per year. The program started in 1939 due to unmarketable food surpluses and widespread unemployment. I believe Food Stamps are being abused in our society by most, and have become a free pass for Junk food, I think the government should stop funding it. WICK was created in 1974 as a response to the realization that hunger and poverty were widespread in this country and that inadequa te nutrition poses a real threat to the human body.The program is aimed at low-income pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and infants and children under the age of five. WICK started in 1968 when physicians described to the Department of Health, Education and Welfare and the USDA that young women, often pregnant, came to their clinics with various ailments that were caused by a lack of food. The doctors would prescribe needed foods, with the prescription acting as a sort of food voucher. I believe WICK keeps low Income families stable and should continue being funded.Public Housing Is housing administered by federal, state and local agencies to provide subsidized assistance for low-income households. According to Wisped â€Å"Permanent, federally funded sousing came Into being In the United States as a part of Franklin Roosevelt New Deal. Title II, Section 202 of the National Industrial Recovery Act, passed June 16, 1933, directed the Public Works Administration (PAW) to develop a program for the â€Å"construction, reconstruction, alteration, or repair under public regulation or control of low-cost housing and slum-clearance projects†¦ . However most of current-day public houses or â€Å"projects† have degenerated Into areas of poverty. I believe that public housing needs to be updated because of this reason. As according to Businesslike. Com most republicans agree that governmental orgasm should stop being funded such as Food Stamps. They claim the program Isn't tax-friendly. Democrats claim The programs help vulnerable people at a time when It Is difficult to find Jobs and feed families.Nonetheless I think these federal programs should stop being funded because they create a dependency and some waste taxpayer dollars, however I think there should be cheaper, and more thought- through alternatives that actually solve peoples problems or help to an extent without the programs being taken advantage of. Government assistance programs By playfello ws the prescription acting as a sort of food voucher. I believe WICK keeps low income families stable and should continue being funded.Public Housing is housing low-income households. According to Wisped â€Å"Permanent, federally funded housing came into being in the United States as a part of Franklin Roosevelt New public houses or â€Å"projects† have degenerated into areas of poverty. I believe that As according to Businesslike. Com most republicans agree that governmental isn't tax-friendly. Democrats claim The programs help vulnerable people at a time when it is difficult to find Jobs and feed families. Nonetheless I think these federal

Case Studies in Anthropology Essays

Case Studies in Anthropology Essays Case Studies in Anthropology Paper Case Studies in Anthropology Paper In chapter five of the book â€Å"The Yanamamo: Case Studies in Anthropology† by Napoleon A. Chagnon deals with political alliances, trading and feasting and how it fits into their culture and practices. Alliances between villages involve casual trading, mutual feasting and the exchange of women. Their power exists with the ideal that the stronger villages should take advantages of the weaker villages and this is shown by taking of the women of one village from another. Because of this military threat intervillage alliance is desirable and villages should behave in a strong fashion so trade alliances are very important. There are three distinct features of Yanamano trading practices. The first is that each item traded must be repaid with a different type of item. Who ever gets the gift must repay his partner and this is called no mraiha. This way of giving must be paid back and is a leverage to ask for a reciprocal gift. Second the gift is usually delayed. The ideal is that one trade will force the other and gives members of neighboring villages an excuse and opportunity to visit each other. The third is the specialization of the gifts. Each village has one or more specialized products to use in trade. The feast is a display of affluence and is a way to challenge the guests to give a feast of equal size at a later time and place. Sometimes so much food is offered that the guest will eat too much go and vomit and then return to eat more. Each feast calls for another. This is a way for allies to get to know each other during the dry season and over the years. Feasts are exciting and form a bond between the villages for years. Reference: Chagnon, N. A. (1997). The Yanamamo: Case studies in anthropology. N. J. : Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Possible questions for a test: 1. What is the importance of aggression in the Yanamano’s culture? (2-3 page answer) 2. What are the three features of trading practices among the Yanamamo culture? (short essay) 3. How are Women viewed in this culture? (Short essay).

Author Website Design Inspiration 5 Ideas to Build the Perfect Website

Author Website Design Inspiration 5 Ideas to Build the Perfect Website Author Website Design Inspiration: 5 Ideas From Bestselling Authors Author websites are the one place readers get to judge a book by its cover†¦ or in this case, the webpage. We’ve already written an extensive piece with tips for building an effective author website: 10 Tips to Build The Perfect Author Website,  but we thought we could go even further and offer you some actual  inspiration  and ideas to get started on yours.The main goal of your website is to allow you to connect with your readers, and help convert them into loyal customers. It’s obvious that authors are masters of language, but when it comes to the web, some don’t deem it necessary to have a strong internet presence. And that’s exactly where a dedicated reader can be made†¦or lost.  So the author website design inspiration you'll find in this post will be geared towards one main goal: creating loyal readers. Idea  #1: Adding teasers to your author websiteOnce an avid reader has finished a great book, they immediately want to read another; it’s an addiction. So when they make their way to your author website, the first thing they should see on your homepage is a feature on what you’re working on next. Readers want some exclusivity!Nothing is worse than finishing your new favorite book or the first book in a series and going to the author’s website to find out when the next one will be published and there’s absolutely zero information. It’s simply heartbreaking coming from a reader’s eyes and also from a marketing perspective.Case in point? If you're a loyal reader of George R.R. Martin's  A Song of Ice and Fire series (aka  Game of Thrones), you probably want to know when  Winds of Winter is going to be finished. So you head to the author's website, and†¦ you see this.We understand that being a published author means that you’r e extremely busy working on your next book, but creating a separate email account for the sole purpose of receiving feedback from your followers is extremely controlled and feasible. (And if you’re having a bad day, reading a little fan mail should cure that!)Similarly, designing the website so that the "Contact" page is immediately available from the menu is crucial. If people want to get in touch with you, your design should make  it as easy for them as you can.Also, if you’re feeling sociable, make it easy for your readers to find you on social media - Twitter, Instagram, Facebook  - with the help of push buttons. It will be easier to â€Å"like† what they tweet or tag you in and  if they tweet positive feedback, they’re marketing for you!Or you can try Nick Stephenson’s approach to staying in touch: homing pigeons 😉Idea  #4:  Make the best first impressionA reader coming to your website usually wants one thing: to know more about you. The first thing they'll do is click to your "bio" page. We know writers hate writing about themselves (unless you're a memoir writer!), but  you gotta give readers what they want, so feel free to  indulge yourself with  some healthy bragging.But  how do you write the ultimate author bio? The trick is to write more than one. As a writer, rewriting and re-editing comes with the territory. Write multiple versions of your bio blurb until you’ve broken down your shyness barrier and created a bio that truly defines you not only as an author, but also as a person. And continuing our point in idea  #2, continue to keep it fresh by updating it as you move along in your career.Now, since you're here for some inspiration, take a look at  Lindsay Buroker's bio page. It's  a great case in point  for being genuine and true to your  work. She’s honest, witty, and real in her bio blurb.Idea  #5:  The website as  an extension of your bookThere is one question we haven't addressed yet: how do you get  as many  readers as possible to actually go to your website?  The first thing  is to write a really really good book. The better the book, the more the author will want to learn more about you and your other work, and head to your website for that.Then, you need to make sure that you actually link to your website at the beginning and end of all your ebooks. You also need to make sure you pick a simple URL, like "firstnamelastname.com" or "seriesname.com." That way, your website will likely show up as the first result on Google when readers Google you.But the ultimate way to get authors to check out your site is to turn it into an extension of your book, by linking it to one of your characters, or places, or adding more to the story.  Not sure what we mean by that? You'll find some inspiration in ML Banner's story:"I had a character in the book who was a scientist and I thought: it’d be really cool if he had this res earch institute. So I created a persona for him online: a G+ profile, a Twitter account, and a website for the CMER Institute. The key was really to think from my character’s standpoint and see what I would do, in his place, to get the word out about this phenomenon that endangers the world.The beautiful thing about eBooks is the connectivity: you can embed hyperlinks. So I linked to this CMERI website where my character actually offered a free ebook called â€Å"The Apocalypse Survival Guide†. And I actually got over 1,200 downloads of that book. Some people even seem to believe that the CMERI is real, as I got a couple of media inquiries!"You have all the best practices in one: link to the website in the book, social media, free additional content, and a website that truly takes the story to another level. Of course, your author website's design should match the "branding" of your book or series, and ideally  feature  some of the imagery used on the cover. Our b est advice for that is to put  your author website design in the hands of a Reedsy professional.What are your favourite author websites out there? Which ones do you turn to for design inspiration? What other tips would you add to this list? Let us know your thoughts in the comments below!

The Koster Site 9,000 Years on the Illinois River

The Koster Site 9,000 Years on the Illinois River The Koster site is an ancient, deeply buried archaeological site located on Koster Creek, a narrow tributary stream incised into the alluvial deposits of the lower Illinois River Valley. The Illinois River is itself a major tributary of the Mississippi River in central Illinois and the site lies only about 48 kilometers (30 miles) north of where Illinois meets the Mississippi today at the town of Grafton. The site is stunningly important in North American prehistory, for its well-preserved human occupations dating back nearly 9,000 years, and the impact of its discovery so deep within the alluvial fan. Chronology The following chronology is derived from Struever and Holton; the horizons were what was visible in the field, although later analysis proved there were 25 distinct occupations in Kosters stratigraphy. Horizon 1, Mississippian, AD 1000-1200Horizon 1b, Middle-Late Woodland (Black Sand phase), AD 400-1000Horizon 2, Early Woodland (Riverton), 200-100 BCHorizon 3, Late Archaic, 1500-1200 BCHorizon 4, Late Archaic, 2000 BCHorizon 5, Middle-Late ArchaicHorizon 6, Middle Archaic (Helton phase), 3900-2800 BC, 25 human burialsHorizon 7, Middle ArchaicHorizon 8, Middle Archaic, 5000 BCHorizon 9, Middle Archaic, 5800 BCHorizon 10 Early-Middle Archaic, 6000-5800 BCHorizon 11, Early Archaic, 6400 BC, 9 human burials, 5 dog burialsHorizon 12, Early ArchaicHorizon 13, Early Archaic (Kirk notched point), 7500-6700 BCHorizon 14, sterile At the surface, Koster covers an area of approximately 12,000 square meters (about 3 acres), and its deposits extend more than 9 meters (30 feet) into the rivers alluvial terraces. The site is at the contact between the limestone bluffs and upland loess plains to the east and the Illinois River floodplain to the west. Occupations present within the date of the deposit from Early Archaic through the Mississippian period, radiocarbon-dated to between about 9000 to 500 years ago. During most of the prehistoric occupation of the site, the Illinois River was located 5 km (3 mi) to the west with a seasonally fluctuating backwater Lake within one km (half-mile). Chert sources for making stone tools are in the nearby limestone bluffs lining the valley and included Burlington and Keokuk, sources which vary in quality from fine-grained to coarse-grained. Site Discovery In 1968, Stuart Struever was a faculty member in the anthropology department at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. He was a down-stater, however, having grown up far from Chicago in the small town of Peru, Illinois, and he never lost the ability to speak the language of the down-stater. And so it was that he made true friendships among the landowners of the Lowilva, the local name for the Lower Illinois Valley, where the Mississippi River meets Illinois. Among the life-long friends he made were Theodore Teed Koster and his wife Mary, retired farmers who just happened to have an archaeological site on their property, who just happened to be interested in the past. Struevers investigations (1969-1978) at Koster farm revealed not only the middle and early late Woodland materials reported by the Kosters but a stratified multi-component archaic period site of astonishing depth and integrity. Archaic Occupations at Koster Beneath the Koster farm lies evidence of 25 different human occupations, beginning with the early Archaic period, around 7500 BC, and ending with the Koster farm. Village after village, some with cemeteries, some with houses, beginning some 34 feet below the modern Koster farmstead. Each occupation was buried by the deposits of the river, each occupation leaving its mark on the landscape nonetheless. Probably the best-studied occupation to date (Koster is still the focus of many graduate theses) is the set of Early Archaic occupations known as Horizon 11, dated 8700 years ago. Archaeological excavations of Horizon 11 have revealed a thick midden of human occupation residues, basin-shaped storage pits and hearths, human graves, diverse stone, and bone tool assemblages, and floral and faunal remains resulting from human subsistence activities. Dates on Horizon 11 range from 8132-8480 uncalibrated radiocarbon years before the present (RCYBP). Also in Horizon 11 were the bones of five domesticated dogs, representing some of the earliest evidence for the domestic dog in the Americas. The dogs were purposefully buried in shallow pits and they are the earliest known dog burials in North America. The burials are essentially complete: all of them are adults, none exhibit evidence of burning or butchery marks. Impacts In addition to the vast amount of information garnered about the American Archaic period, the Koster site is also important for its long-term interdisciplinary research efforts. The site is located near the town of Kampsville, and Struever set up his lab there, now the Center for American Archaeology and a major center of archaeological research in the American Midwest. And, perhaps most importantly, the Northwestern University excavations at Koster proved that ancient sites could be preserved hidden deep beneath the valley floors of major rivers. Sources Boon AL. 2013. A Faunal Analysis of the Eleventh Horizon of the Koster Site (11GE4). California: Indiana University of Pennsylvania.Brown JA, and Vierra RK. 1983. What happened in the Middle Archaic? Introduction to an ecological approach to Koster Site archaeology. In: Phillips JL, and Brown JA, editors. Archaic Hunters and Gatherers in the American Midwest. New York: Academic Press. p 165-195.Butzer KW. 1978. Changing Holocene Environments at the Koster Site: A Geo-Archaeological Perspective. American Antiquity 43(3):408-413.Houart GL, editor. 1971. Koster: a stratified archaic site in the Illinois Valley. Springfield: Illinois State Museum.Jeske RJ, and Lurie R. 1993. The archaeological visibility of bipolar technology: An example from the Koster site. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 18:131-160.Morey DF, and Wiant MD. 1992. Early holocene domestic dog burials from the North American Midwest. Current Anthropology 33(2):225-229.Struever S, and Antonelli HF. 2000. Koster: Ameri cans in Search of their Prehistoric Past. Long Grove, Illinois: Waveland Press. Wiant MD, Hajic ER, and Styles TR. 1983. Napoleon Hollow and Koster site stratigraphy: Implications for Holocene landscape evolution and studies of Archaic period settlement patterns in the Lower Illinois Valley. In: Phillips JL, and Brown JA, editors. Archaic Hunters and Gatherers in the American Midwest. New York: Academic Press. p 147-164.

Evaluate what managers do so as to manage the organisational Essay

Evaluate what managers do so as to manage the organisational environment - Essay Example alize the fact that business is a consistently changing world and in this context only the people who are ready to acclimatize themselves would be hailed as successful. Thus to put it in the related context, change is the only constant in the world and in the business scheme of things, changing to suit the will and desire of the customers and/or the stakeholders as well as doing one last bit to bring in more revenues and profits for the company just plays the right trick for the business to succeed both in the short term as well as in the long run. Similarly, managing any sports organization could be a Herculean task. This is because managing the sports enterprise means understanding the psyche of the players, the attached officials and team trainers, coaches, people who make the management regimes work in a smooth manner as well as a whole lot more. (Reeves, 2000) Sports management has come to the fore with the increasing viewership of sports within the world with the global audiences touching close to 2 billion people at a single time. This is equally true for soccer events, rugby matches, the Olympics and many other sporting tournaments and events. Within the sporting tenets, managers need to uphold work and staff quality at all times which means that the work done by the workers and the employees alike should match some pre set standards and there is no alienation as far as this point of view is concerned. Sports managers need to plan in a sound manner the different things, control these activities and tasks and make them plot against short term gains rather than having a long run perspective and integrate the activities so that there is a complete mesh in the related ranks and the synchronization is pretty apparent at the end. Sports managers look out for constant changes that happen within the realms of a sports organization in essence. (Duke, 2003) This means that the change factor has to be studied in the light of the consistency basis since as the maxim

The strategic plan for your organization Assignment

The strategic plan for your organization - Assignment Example An appropriate implementation plan of Davivienda bank will help it to transform the developed planned projects into actual service provision (Jeffes, 2008). Figure 1: Implementation and Planning (Source: Standard bank, 2011). The above chart shows the various activities that encompass the planning and implementation of an organization. Thus, it becomes highly rational to analyze and set an efficient implementation plan for the Davivienda bank of Columbia. Objectives The recessionary trails in the contemporary world have reduced velocity of circulation of money in many economies. It has been estimated that the scope of banking activities have reduced in Sri Lanka and that has not only affected the economy of the nation, but has also negatively influenced the neighboring economies. The essay has previously incorporated certain growth strategies that would help to reduce the economic crisis in Sri Lank by expanding the scale of banking business. This part of the essay will frame the imp lementation plan with the help of these strategies (DPMC, 2012). The primary objectives to be studied in the implementation plan of Davivienda bank are:- Allocate substantial finances to incorporate the growth strategies. Reduce crisis in the economy by offering varied financial products in different regions of the economy. Introducing financial products that focus on investment banking. Increase the speculative transactions in the economy. Reducing the risks in the transactions of the bank. Facilitating the growth of other banking institutions. Incorporating a strong organizational structure and hierarchy in the bank. Focusing in financial products differentiation. Functional Tactics The functional tactics adopted by the officials of the Davivienda bank are all the small tasks that must be accomplished to implement the desired growth strategies. The functional tactics that are to be executed in the implementation plan are:- Time Horizon: the bank must set an appropriate time span w ithin which it would target to achieve its desired goals and objectives. Resources: only evaluating the required time is not enough, the bank must try to estimate the required resources that would be necessary to execute the implementation plan. Money: the most important resource that is required for completion of any task is money, the Davivienda bank must analyze the gross liquidity required to execute the desired objectives. Strategies: finally the bank must be clear about the core competences and strategies to be incorporated in the implementation plan (Pinson, 2008). Action items The following table explains the action items of the Davivienda bank that are requisites for launching the implementation program. Activities Objectives Implementation Allocate sufficient finance to incorporate the growth strategies. To increase the scale and scope of banking operations and consequently reduce the crisis in the economy. Mobilize maximum possible funds that may be allocated in the expan sionary policies. Offering varied and differentiated financial products. Encouraging individuals to participate in the banking activities. Set

Impact of Globalisation in High Education Essay

Impact of Globalisation in High Education - Essay Example The facet of globalization has been found to engage the transformation of international markets that are carrying out its business operations on a real time basis in widespread financial structures followed by unparalleled degree in relation to Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) and even global mobility in terms of production. Apart from being involved with the mentioned rudiments, globalization in the recent times is measured to be greatly dependent on the global communication structures, knowledge, information, along with culture. The underlying notion of globalization has been explained as the actuality that is formed or created with the help of a soaring incorporated global economy, fresh information along with communication technology. It is in this context that the certainties with regard to the 21st century have triggered the amplification of the imperativeness related to the international context. The English language, in this regards, has been measured to be the overriding or prevailing language with respect to scientific form of communication. The factor of technology is considered to be an integral part of globalization as a worldwide way of immediate contact accompanied by easy type of scientific communication has been found to be triggered with the introduction of modern technology. Therefore, it can be well comprehended from the stated depiction that the significance and requirement of technology are gauged to be an integral part of present globalization in comparison to the past.... All these mentioned factors are found to display an inclination towards a sole global community. The underlying notion of globalisation has been explained as the actuality that is formed or created with the help of a soaring incorporated global economy, fresh information along with communication technology. It is in this context that the certainties with regard to the 21st century have triggered the amplification of the imperativeness related to the international context. The English language, in this regards, has been measured to be the overriding or prevailing language with respect to scientific form of communication. The factor of technology is considered to be an integral part of globalisation as a worldwide way of immediate contact accompanied by easy type of scientific communication has been found to be triggered with the introduction of modern technology. Therefore, it can be well comprehended from the stated depiction that the significance and requirement of technology is gau ged to be an integral part of present globalisation in comparison to the past (Altbach & et. al., 2009). Students as Stakeholders of Higher Education Sector The students are believed to comprise of the majority stakeholder group with respect to the facet of higher education across the globe. During the past decade, key alterations and moves have been recorded in terms of demographic makeup, goals and prospects in relation to the populace of the students worldwide. These forms of growth have been known to have put forth noteworthy pressure on the structural procedures followed by individual institutions with regard to the factor of higher education in several countries. Endeavours to react to fresh student

Seatbelt and Exhaust System Defects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Seatbelt and Exhaust System Defects - Essay Example The company should recall these cars to be fixed, if not replaced, in order to ensure the customer's safety. 3) Ensure the market that such problems are inevitable and are easily dealt with. Approach and Analysis: The first step into solving this problem is to reacquire the previously sold cars and repair the defects. The owners must be contacted, informed about the problem and be requested for a recall. This process entails sacrifices for both parties which mean that a just compensation must be provided to get the customers' full cooperation. The whole repair will, after all, be done in forty minutes. Even with an estimate of 1.35 Million cars to be recalled, the process could not be that troublesome. After acquiring the cars, experts should be present to asses the defects. See if it is uniform among the cars or are there differences. Data should be gathered differentiating the defects and damages acquired across the models, logistics, etc. Then the data should then be analyzed by economists, medical experts and the board along with the car experts. A decision should then be made whether to continue production alter the design or revamp the design all in all. Though this process, better techniques on both manufacturing and detecting defects on sold cars must be made. The market should then be wooed so as not to loose trust for the company. This is very important since the world is undergoing financial crisis. Many companies has already downsized or closed up, Toyota should not be one of them.Results: Recalls are still yet to be done but as of the moment some cars had been gathered and upon inspection of the acquired cars, the said defects had been confirmed. The seatbelt indeed can cause fire. When the tensioner is activated upon collision, the sound insulator may melt thus causing a fire, just as mentioned earlier. The exhaust pipe on the other hand, is prone to damage and will probably crack. This might cause substandard emissions to leak out which will endanger the environment. So far, no other defects were found. Discussion: The industry knows that releasing cars with defects are inevitable. This though must be detected immediately, preferably before the product even leaves the show room. The mistake seen on this situation is the delay of detection. This might possibly be seen earlier if the cheapest model in the market was not overlooked. An equal attention between cars should have been given. The recall of the cars will further the understanding of the company about the defects on the car parts and how testing should be done. There must also be enough cars to be reverse engineered to see a better picture. Most cars will be going to the dealer and get the desired repair but it must also be seen that some cars are to be acquired to be further tested. The mistake of just fixing and not doing in depth investigation must be avoided. The gathered data should be used to develop better techniques. This includes all aspects from manufacturing to sales to maintenance. This will ultimately benefit the company. Ethical and Economic Discussion: Recalls may be bothersome for both the owner and the company but it should be looked as a beneficial process,

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 4

Management - Essay Example All these are alongside adding challenges for the strengthening the capabilities of the business into competitive edge over competitors. Hence, the information in the referred article provides evidence and learning about the new dimension of sustaining strength across all change, innovation and risk is possible. This new dimension of unification of layers of product and service to generate collective strength is much sounder than the developments in recent past that insisted establishing the footings in different perspectives to remain competitive. Unified system and approach for the management of risk, change and innovation has an added advantage that it offers in the form of shared strength to businesses in dealing with highly competitive pressures. Hence, embracing change does not always require being new but it also required understating the concept of integration and collective wisdom for dealing with challenges (Kepes). Article Two: Hotz, Robert. Differences in How Men and Wome n Think Are Hard-Wired. The Wall Street Journal. 9 Dec. 2013. Online. 14 Dec. 2013. http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304744304579248151866594232 The article Differences in How Men and Women Think Are Hard-Wired has important implications for the business and organizational perspective of managing diversity. Management of diversity in the business organizations is still viewed in the light of responsible behavior that organizations are adopting towards society. It is despite fact, that immense benefits of diversity are being generated by the organizations with well blended mix of the employees. The reflection of this perspective is evident from the fact that organizations who take more women in their board room present it as a pride. The article on the basis of assessment has revealed the connection differences in the minds of men and women. This article has emphasizes the on the focused and multitasking attributes of men and women respectively. Both the concepts h ave increased their importance in the organization in recent past. Therefore, diversity management in a way that is calculated for developing the optimum mix of expertise towards focused attention and multi-tasking will now enable business to develop the mix of genders as need of the organization. Hence, with these revelations, the managements of the organization will now have more quantifiable yardstick for the development of employee mix and diversity management in organization. Management of the supply and the value chain is the most important tranche of the business and management literature that has developed since recent past. Forbes published value that is claimed to be generated by Amazon in terms of value chain by introducing the drones for same day delivery (Hotz). Article Three: Banker, Steve. Same Day Deliveries by Amazon Drones? Ridiculous! What Really Makes Sense. Forbes. 3 Dec. 2013. Online. 14 Dec. 2013. http://www.forbes.com/sites/stevebanker/2013/12/03/same-day-del iveries-by-amazon-drones-ridiculous-what-really-makes-sense/ The article entitled Same Day Deliveries by Amazon Drones? Ridiculous! What Really Makes Sense has some valuable contribution in the effective management of the supply Chain. The core idea in the article has identified the critical factor of effective managem

Seatbelt and Exhaust System Defects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Seatbelt and Exhaust System Defects - Essay Example The company should recall these cars to be fixed, if not replaced, in order to ensure the customer's safety. 3) Ensure the market that such problems are inevitable and are easily dealt with. Approach and Analysis: The first step into solving this problem is to reacquire the previously sold cars and repair the defects. The owners must be contacted, informed about the problem and be requested for a recall. This process entails sacrifices for both parties which mean that a just compensation must be provided to get the customers' full cooperation. The whole repair will, after all, be done in forty minutes. Even with an estimate of 1.35 Million cars to be recalled, the process could not be that troublesome. After acquiring the cars, experts should be present to asses the defects. See if it is uniform among the cars or are there differences. Data should be gathered differentiating the defects and damages acquired across the models, logistics, etc. Then the data should then be analyzed by economists, medical experts and the board along with the car experts. A decision should then be made whether to continue production alter the design or revamp the design all in all. Though this process, better techniques on both manufacturing and detecting defects on sold cars must be made. The market should then be wooed so as not to loose trust for the company. This is very important since the world is undergoing financial crisis. Many companies has already downsized or closed up, Toyota should not be one of them.Results: Recalls are still yet to be done but as of the moment some cars had been gathered and upon inspection of the acquired cars, the said defects had been confirmed. The seatbelt indeed can cause fire. When the tensioner is activated upon collision, the sound insulator may melt thus causing a fire, just as mentioned earlier. The exhaust pipe on the other hand, is prone to damage and will probably crack. This might cause substandard emissions to leak out which will endanger the environment. So far, no other defects were found. Discussion: The industry knows that releasing cars with defects are inevitable. This though must be detected immediately, preferably before the product even leaves the show room. The mistake seen on this situation is the delay of detection. This might possibly be seen earlier if the cheapest model in the market was not overlooked. An equal attention between cars should have been given. The recall of the cars will further the understanding of the company about the defects on the car parts and how testing should be done. There must also be enough cars to be reverse engineered to see a better picture. Most cars will be going to the dealer and get the desired repair but it must also be seen that some cars are to be acquired to be further tested. The mistake of just fixing and not doing in depth investigation must be avoided. The gathered data should be used to develop better techniques. This includes all aspects from manufacturing to sales to maintenance. This will ultimately benefit the company. Ethical and Economic Discussion: Recalls may be bothersome for both the owner and the company but it should be looked as a beneficial process,

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 11

Management - Essay Example This paper identifies how increased competitiveness creates opportunities for change and how it impacts the manager’s role. One particular management theorist suggests that contemporary managers, in the face of rising competition, must be results-oriented by identifying specific goals as part of the planning process, measure whether these goals have been achieved, and determine whether or not the end results led to peak effectiveness and efficiency (McLean, 2006: 16). This suggests a manager who must make careful use of internal strategy whereby goals are identified and internal staff members are aligned to meet business needs as part of a planning model. Effective measurement of whether goals have been attained could include a total performance management system which provides employees with reward for maximum contribution toward meeting goals or offering criticism or training in the face of subordinate inability to assist the business. As one example, it would seem that in an environment where a business has a great deal of external competition, the manager must remain focused on achieving maximum prod uctivity by effectively controlling the activities of workers and assessing their progress. Additionally, employees seem to be a considerable resource for making a company more competitive. McHenry (2008) identifies that increased competition also comes in the form of whether or not a business sustains top talent under a talent management model. This model suggests that managers must consistently assess the business structure to look for opportunities to motivate staff members to meet long-term goals. The author identifies that effective talent management, as part of management planning, involves maximising career opportunities for workers and also assessing whether the current recruitment and selection criteria is designed to bring the business top talent over that of competing businesses (McHenry). This talent management model would seem to point

The Indian Copyright Act Essay Example for Free

The Indian Copyright Act Essay Copyright accrues by virtue of authorship, which means that regardless of whether there is a public indication of copyright or the copyright has been registered, the exclusive rights of the author exists. Certain acts are not considered to be infringement of copyright. 1. A fair dealing with a literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work not being a computer programme for the purposes of- -private use including research; -criticism or review, whether of that work or any other work 2. The making of copies or adaptation of a computer programme by the lawful possessor of a copy of such computer programme from such copy- -in order to utilize the computer programme for the purpose for which it was supplied; or -to make backup copies purely as a temporary protection against loss, destruction or damage in order only to utilize the computer programme for the purpose for which it was supplied. Fair dealing The doctrine of fair use seeks to balance out societal interests against the exclusive rights of the copyright holder. They allow for fair dealing for research, study, criticism, review and news reporting, wherein copyrighted material can be used without permission. The Act has a widely-worded clause for fair use, yet it is important to note that the rationale behind the clause is that society benefits more from the copyright infringement than from the grant of the exclusive right to the author in that situation; this implies that your use of copyrighted material must be a provable social benefit and it must credit the copyright holder. Further, the degree to which copyrighted content is used is also material to a fair use defence; large swathes of unaltered content being quoted would probably invite scrutiny. The Copyright (Amendment) Bill, 2012, widens the scope of fair use by including all material (except computer programmes) as opposed to only â€Å"literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works† which were covered before. This implies that videos and sound recordings too, will now be covered by the fair-use exception.

Re-establishment of Native Plants by Seed Germination

Re-establishment of Native Plants by Seed Germination Re-establishment of Native Plants by Seed Germination  in the State of Kuwait 1.1 Desertification Desertification and land degradation has become a matter of increasing importance both locally and globally. Due to heat fluctuations produced by climate change, arid and semi-arid areas are becoming easily susceptible and prone to desertification (Kassas, 1995). Conservation of natural desert habitats should be a priority for environmental agencies and governments especially in arid regions of the world (Stringer, 2008). Water scarcity is one of the factors provoking an increase of vegetation in arid climates, which can lead to land degradation and desertification (Dhief et al., 2009). The term desertification is used in diverse ways in the literature (Stringer, 2008). For this paper, it refers to land degradation in relation to loss of plant species diversity as well as loss of soil resources (Brown, 2003). The primary factor in the degradation of deserts is low rainfall, not to mention the huge impact on the deserts biodiversity from human activities such as camping, car racing or rallying (Brown et al., 2001), and unsupervised grazing by sheep and camels as well as the rapid increase of human population (Whitford, 2006). 1.2 Climate change and plant restoration Climate change is a global issue which is still rising and damaging our environment. Global warming is mainly caused and exacerbated by human influences and activities. Plant restoration is one way to reduce the effect of climate change (Dosery et al., 2012). Arid regions of the world are being effected by climate change the most. The issue of desertification primarily affects areas with less vegetation similar to those in desert areas (Hanafi et al., 2008) Restoration of plants to their natural habitats in arid climates with pressures from grazing and overpopulation is challenging. One way to vegetate these areas is germinating seeds of native species in lab condition to be transplanted in the desert. Plant restoration is a slow process, especially in ecosystems with unfavorable environmental conditions such as low rainfall, high evaporation rates and poor soil composition, precisely the conditions which are found in desert ecosystems (Bolling et al., 2000). Because seedbanks of desert plants can lie dormant for long periods of time, and can later germinate under favorable conditions (Brown et al., 2003) which can be replicated in lab facilities. 1.3 Seed germination and plant growth Seed germination is a process in which the seed emerges from dormancy and grows into a new plant. This occurs when environmental conditions are favourable including temperature, soil composition and water, (Derbel et al., 2007). This process is used to promote and establish plant seedlings for various desert species, which can contribute to increasing plant population for instance in arid and semi-arid climates. According to research on desert plants, temperature is one of the most important factors promoting seed germination, also it plays a big role in plant growth. Indeed, the optimal temperature for seed to germinate is usually close to the average temperature in the species natural habitat (Derbel et al., 2010). Knowledge of the life history, ecology and natural habitat of native species is important for a successful plant reestablishments. The most important part of the plant cycle is seed germination (Derbel et al.,2007). Scarification is a botanical term which refers to the process by which the coat of the seeds is opened, and it can be undertaken mechanically or chemically. Seed germination depends primarily on the level of moisture in the environment and temperature (El-Keblawy, Abdelfattah Khedr, 2015). This paper will examine seed germination treatment in the context of three different factors. The first is temperature: if the temperature is too high then the seed which has been planted for germination will die (Gorai, Laajili, Santiago Neffati, 2015). Low temperatures can also impact seed germination. The second factor which impacts seed germination is scarification of the seeds. The third factor relating to the pre-treatment of seeds for germination is soaking in water. It is important to soak the seeds in water prior to planting to give them the best chance of germinating (Gorai, Laajili, Santiago Neffati, 2015). 1.4 Use of peat moss for plant production Using peat moss to promote seed germination implies the use of stratification, which is a moist, cold treatment: this does not apply to desert plants, since they are mostly promoted by temperature and scarification[ES1]. It is reported that peat moss has growth-promoting substances, including antibiotics and oestrogens (Cox Westing, 2013). 1.5 Study area (add refrences) Kuwait is a small country located in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula, with a total area of 17,820 km2 and a human population of 4.3 million. Kuwait borders Iraq (north) and Saudi Arabia (west and south), while the east of the country lies at the tip of the Persian Gulf, reaching its highest elevation above sea level at 280 m (Brown Al-Mazrooei, 2003).   The climate of Kuwait is considered an arid climate, with summer temperatures ranging from 35-50 ° C. Summer lasts from May to September, with the hottest temperatures occurring from June to August. Winters are dry and cool with mean temperatures ranging from 6-20 ° C. Rainfall varies from year to year, with an average documented rainfall of 120mm (Halwagy et al., 1982). On average, evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation on a yearly basis (Halwagy Halwagy, 1974a). 1.6 The vegetation and soils of Kuwait The vegetation cover of Kuwait is less than 10 % (Brown, 2001). The dominant plant of Kuwait isRhanterium epapposum. There has been no documentation of native trees found in the deserts of Kuwait, while only one tree (6al7a) has been recorded as a native tree and protected in nature reserves (Brown Al-Mazrooei, 2003). Soil texture and composition is an important factor for plant regeneration in desert climates. The primary soil characteristics to be considered in seed germination are soil texture, depth, permeability, penetrability and fertility (Batanouny, 1990). Sandy alkaline soils are dominant in the deserts of Kuwait, and these have low water retention, which is a disadvantage for seed germination (Johns et al., 1984). However, rainfall on sandy soils can be more effective for seed germination than on clay soils (Carbon, 1975). 1.7 Native plants Calligonum comosum Calligonum is a genus of perennial shrubs from the Polygonaceae family. One of the striking features of the species is that it is covered with numerous bristled fruits, which are easily carried by the wind, thus avoiding burial in the sand. The Latin genus name comes from the Greek words callus (beautiful) and gonos (knee), and reflects the original shape of the twigs as they link to one another (Gouja, Garnatje, Hidalgo, Neffati, Raies Garcia, 2015). Calligonum comosum is a native plant to the state of Kuwait. It is a perennial shrub which grows up to 2m tall with a crown ranging from 1-2.5m. Its leaves are simple and green. The   flowering season runs from March to April, with the red flowers attracting birds. The most widespread use of this plant is to stabilise sand dunes and wind breaks, but it also fixes soil to provide protein for livestock, provides wood for fuel and burns without smoke. It is one of the most common plants used to fight desertification and is usually employed along with other native plants for rehabilitation purposes. The most critical stage for this plant is seed germination and seedling stabilisation (Qu et al., 2008). It is prone to heavy grazing since it is a major source of food for camels, as well as goats and sheep (fact sheet). The active ingredients include tannins contained within the green branches of Calligonum. The fruits are edible, and taste similar to an apple. The economic significa nce of these shrubs is very high. Their young branches and fruits, with a pleasantly sour taste, are readily eaten by sheep and camels. In winter, the sheep eat fallen twigs and fruit from the ground. The nutritional value of these products is rather high in conventional feed units. The timber produced by this tree is dense and heavy (it sinks in water), and the pink kernel is a good building material in the desert environment. The wood is also used as fuel for various crafts. Finally, Calligonum is excellent fixative of sand and is used for reclamation in areas of mobile sand. The plant can form new side (adventitious) roots at the base of the stalks after backfilling them with sand (El-Keblawy, Abdelfattah Khedr, 2015). Farsetia Aegyptia This is a perennial shrub that grows in coarse sandy soil, reaching a height of up to 60 cm. Its leaves are succulent and linear, its blooming season is from March to June, and it has greenish-brown flowers. The fruit has a winged seed. This plant has no documented or official publications (Farsetia aegyptia Overview Encyclopedia of Life, 2017). Rhanterium epapposum This is the national plant of Kuwait, and the most dominant plant found in the countrys deserts. This bush grows up to 1m tall, has small narrow leaves which fall in late spring, and becomes dormant during the summer season. Its flowering season is from March to May, with small yellow flowers. For this plant to germinate, the capitulum must be facing upwards, with the achene still attached to the capitulum. Seeds can be viable for more than 4 years (Ahmed, Al-Dousari and Al-Dousari, 2016), and the plant is mainly used for skin infections and for fuel in remote areas. Calligonum comosum, which does not require a lot of water to grow and tends to grow in areas with low rainfall (Gouja, Garnatje, Hidalgo, Neffati, Raies Garcia, 2015); Rhanterium epapposum, which is bushy and is produced naturally as well as with the help of vegetation[ES2]; and Farsetia aegyptia which is also used to combat desertification with the assistance of seed germination. The main objective of this study is to determine why seed germination is important and under what conditions it can take place. The study will discuss how seed germination occurs under different conditions and the factors which affect it. Three desert plants will be used in the   seed germination experiment The aim of this study is to induce seed germination using chemical treatments such as gibberellic acid in two different concentrations (ppm) and physical scarification treatment with two different intensity levels. The second part of the study will investigate four different ratios of peat moss to sand to measure plant growth of seedlings of three desert species in Kuwait. This study will contribute to increasing vegetation in arid and semi-arid areas such as Kuwait, and explore the conditions in which seed germination can take place, including environmental conditions and appropriate temperature (Gouja, Garnatje, Hidalgo, Neffati, Raies Garcia, 2015). As we know, the more plants are grown, the more we can protect our environment. Seed germination is one process for producing plants by artificial methods, which would participate in desert revegetation by transplanting native species back in their natural habitat. Seed germination experiment Three plants will be investigated in this study: Calligonum comosum, Rhanterium epapposum and Farsetia aegyptia. Ten seeds from each species will undergo two seed germination treatments, each with two different intensities. First is a physical treatment in the form of scarification using sand paper, with two different intensities of scarification. Second is a chemical treatment using two different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3). All treatments will be undertaken in the same environment and temperature conditions. The experiment will be replicated three times. Figure 1 Plant growth with peat moss For this experiment, seedlings from three species will be tested in five soil mixtures with different sand to peat moss ratios. A block of 15 seedlings, each with a different soil mixture (5 soil mixtures for each species) will be replicated 5 times (Figure 2).   Environmental factors such as temperature, soil moisture and pH will be measured for analysis. [ES3]Figure 2 A large data set will be collected over a period of 4-6 weeks, and daily logs will be completed for the final data analysis. Statistical data analysis using ANOVA will be applied to both experiments to compare the percentage of growth in different soil mixtures. As well as comparing seed germination percentages for four different treatments, ArcGIS software will be used to provide maps for this study if necessary. Petri dishes, paper filters and labels Sand paper Gibberellic acid (GA3). Native plant seeds (available at PAAFR*) Native plant seedlings (available at PAAFR*) 10cm plastic planting pots (75) (available at PAAFR*) Soil (peat moss and sand) (available at PAAFR*) Access to seed lab facility either at PAAFR* or KISR* (access fees may be applicabl For this study, safety precautions will be taken mostly when using seed lab facilities. Access lab safety check list Lab coat Long trousers Closed toe shoes Safety glasses Use of gloves Since this study will be done off campus, some expenses may apply, this is just a provisional budget plan Plane tickets (round trip from Aberdeen to Kuwait) (300  £) All materials mentioned previously might be available for use with no charge Onetime payment for seed lab access of 50  £ Petrol fees maybe applicable once experiment location is determined around 100  £ if the experiment is done over a period of six weeks. References Bolling, J. and Walker, L. (2000). Plant and soil recovery along a series of abandoned desert roads. Journal of Arid Environments, 46(1), pp.1-24. Brown, G. (2003) Factors maintaining plant diversity in degraded areas of northern Kuwait, Journal of Arid Environments, 54(1), pp. 183-194. Brown, G. and Al-Mazrooei, S. (2003). Rapid vegetation regeneration in a seriously degraded Rhanterium epapposum community in northern Kuwait after 4 years of protection. Journal of Environmental Management, 68(4), pp.387-395. Brown, G. and Schoknecht, N. (2001) Off-road vehicles and vegetation patterning in a degraded desert ecosystem in Kuwait, Journal of Arid Environments, 49(2), pp. 413-427. Derbel, S. and Chaieb, M. (2007). Germination behaviour and seedling establishment of two desert shrubs,Calligonum polygonoides(Polygonaceae) andSpartidium saharae(Fabaceae), under experimental conditions. Acta Botanica Gallica, 154(4), pp.533-544. Derbel, S., Touzard, B., Triki, M. and Chaieb, M. (2010). Seed germination responses of the Saharan plant species Ephedra alata ssp. alenda to fungicide seed treatments in the laboratory and the field. Flora Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 205(7), pp.471-474. Dhief, A., Gorai, M., Aschi-Smiti, S. and Neffati, M. (2009) Comparative phenological and water potential patterns of three Calligonum species in the eastern great Erg of Tunisia, Flora Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants, 204(8), pp. 581-592. doi: 10.1016/j.flora.2008.07.007. Dosery, N.A., Mathew, M., Suresh, N. and Al-Menaie, H.S. (2012) Kuwaits agricultural efforts to mitigate climate change, Energy Procedia, 18, pp. 1441-1445 Hanafi, A. and Jauffret, S. (2008). Are long-term vegetation dynamics useful in monitoring and assessing desertification processes in the arid steppe, southern Tunisia. Journal of Arid Environments, 72(4), pp.557-572. Kassas, M. (1995). Desertification: a general review. Journal of Arid Environments, 30(2), pp.115-128. Stringer, L. (2008). Reviewing the International Year of Deserts and Desertification 2006: What contribution towards combating global desertification and implementing the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification? Journal of Arid Environments, [online] 72(11), pp.2065-2074. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140196308001742 [Accessed 19 Feb. 2017]. Whitford, W. (2006). Ecology of desert systems. 1st ed. San Diego: Academic Press, pp.275-304. [ES1]This sentence wasnt very clear please read and check it and let me know if you think Ive accidentally changed the meaning! [ES2]Not quite sure what you mean by with the help of vegetation? [ES3]I would change the title of the Figure to: Illustration showing different ratios of sand to peat for three different species

Virgils The Aeneid Essay -- Virgil Aeneid Essays

Virgil's The Aeneid   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Webster’s dictionary, a leader is defined as a person that has commanding authority or influence over others. Such a leader can be found in The Aeneid, written by Virgil. The main character in the epic, Aeneas, shows the journey of a leader through struggles and trials. One can see the true definition of leadership through Aeneas’s strategy, bravery, and persistence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the Fall of Troy, Aeneas shows strategic leadership while pushing through the Greek lines. As the Trojan warriors defeat a surprised Greek crowd, Coroebus suggests that the men wear their trophies. Aeneas agrees and has his men wear the Greek insignia as a shield when breaking through enemy lines. Having success, Aeneas states, â€Å"Many a combat, hand to hand, we fought in the black...

CDR Engineer

I had worked as vascular support engineer to support the cardio vascular imaging systems in the region assigned to me. I had taken the responsibility to manage the overall service delivery and ensure the customer satisfaction to the optimum level. I provided expert phone and/or onsite technical support to field service and customers to minimize equipment downtime while improving customer satisfaction. I had taken additional responsibility to connect and configure all the imaging systems to the remote online centre through broad band and virtual private network connectivity.Since I was the technical support for the region, I had the responsibility to take care of the difficult technical issues which could not be solved by the field service engineers. I had taken initiative to perform the power and grounding audit for the southern region of India. I had been responsible to build the technical support team. i had reported on solid line to the regional service manager and dotted line to all India service manager. I had been assigned to handle and solve the frequent failure in mobile cardiac catheterization imaging system in one of our important end user site.This system had multiple breakdown and image quality issues. I had to solve the issue and bring back the customer confidence level in our equipment quality and service delivery. I had taken it as a challenge and started the work at the site. This Free CDR Template is brought to your courtesy of gettingdownunder. com – Free Australian Immigration advice and resources for those looking to make the move down under. Personal Workplace Activity: Prior to start the service work , i had gone through the service log books and the error log files of the system to know the root cause of the multiple  and frequent failure of the system.The data analysis from the log book and the service files, I found some serious power quality and grounding issue on the site. I had decided to conduct the preliminary power and qu ality audit in the site. I inspected the power distribution panel and found the power cable size was under rated and unable to take the load. During the imaging system usage these power feeding cables started heating up and resulted in cable insulation meltdown. So I recommended to change the power feeding cables with the correct size to withstand the load.I measured the ground impedance and found it extremely high. So I inspected the earth pit and found the bonding between the earth wire and the earth rod open. The electrical maintenance department of the hospital informed and corrective action had been taken immediately. Once the corrective action was taken, I measured the ground impedance again and found within the recommended level. I had booted up the imaging system and run the system diagnostic tests to isolate the problem. From the diagnostic test results, I suspected the problem in the High voltage and the control electronics.The high voltage circuit consists of inverter cir cuit, HV voltage tank with the filament transformer, HV cables for the anode and the cathode, and the x-ray tube. The block diagram as follows Since there was no x-ray output from the tube, I started the troubleshooting from the snubber board which feed the primary side of the HV tank. The snubber board contains four Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors that switches the very large currents applied to the input of the large step – up transformer in the High voltage tank.This pcb is designed with very low DC resistance and inductance to minimize the voltage drops at high currents. The resistorcapacitor-diode network on the board is used to damp the IGBT switch spikes. P. E. 2. 8 Due to the absence of x-ray generation, the system displayed low MA and low KV error message on the console monitor. This is due to absence of output from the secondary side of the HV tank. So I switched off the entire system and I checked the 400v, 70amps semiconductor fuse on the snubber board and foun d it defective.This fuse might be blown due to the fault current generated from the x-ray tube spit. The x-ray tube spit is generated in the glass tube insert of the x-ray due to the formation of metallization on the glass walls. Then I checked This Free CDR Template is brought to your courtesy of gettingdownunder. com – Free Australian Immigration advice and resources for those looking to make the move down under. resistance between IGBT emitter terminal and the chassis ground with the true RMS multimeter and found short. This indicated the damage of wire insulation in the IGBT.I found both the IGBT module faulty with the emitter to chassis ground short. So I replaced the IGBT module with the new one. After the replacement of IGBT module, I removed the anode and cathode HV cable on the tube side and inspected the HV cable connector and found lot of carbon deposits due to the tube spit. The carbon deposit on the HV cable pins hamper the effective conductivity, so I cleaned th e connectors with Chemotronics Electro-wash solution. I checked the HV receptacle well on the xray tube and found it completely damaged.The insulation between the filament supply and grid was completely lost. So I found it not repairable and the entire x ray tube assembly needed the replacement. I replaced the x-ray tube assembly with the new one. Before the power on, I decided to double check the HV tank which is the main part of HV Circuit. The HV tank develops the extremely high voltage necessary to operate the x-ray tube (up to 125kv). The tank includes resonant step up transformer, high voltage rectifiers, x-ray tube filament transformers, output ma and KV sensors and connectors.I checked the rectifiers and the primary and secondary windings of the transformer for any defect and found everything ok. P. E. 2. 11 Then I decided to do the KV in Open Loop test in HV tank. So I removed the HV cables on the HV tank output and filled the HV tank output receptacle with mineral oil. Lat er I switched on the system and run the KV open loop test and it passed ok. Then I restored the HV cable connection between the tank and the x-ray tube in system off state. P. E. 2. 12 The x-ray tube and IGBT module replacement required the following calibration and adjustments for the normal and safe function of the systemIGBT Module Dead time wave form adjustments Filament Calibration KV and MA metering calibration Radiation dose calibration First I had to adjust the dead time between the KV drives signals on each of the IGBT pairs to proceed with the other calibration properly. The improper dead time adjustment might lead to damage of IGBT and the Generator driver board (which supplies the trigger pulse to the IGBT module). I connected the dual trace oscilloscope on the test points on the Generator driver board and observed the waveform of both the IGBT drive signal.I found the drive signal between the base and emitter of the IGBTs out of tolerance during the peak load. So this m ight lead to cross-conduction in the IGBT module and the destruction of IGBT module. This Free CDR Template is brought to your courtesy of gettingdownunder. com – Free Australian Immigration advice and resources for those looking to make the move down under. The Generator driver PCB’s primary job is to convert the KVP drive signal from the High Voltage Supply regulator PCB to the levels necessary to drive the IGBTs on the SNUBBER PCB.So I connected the oscilloscope in the high voltage regulator PCB test points and found the amplitude and frequency of the waveforms normal. So the root cause was isolated and identified with the Generator driver PCB. The problem was found on two of comparator’s output drives the gate transformers, which provide isolation from the high current circuitry and from high voltages present on each of the IGBT module. The defective comparator IC chips were removed and replaced with the new one. After the replacement of the comparator IC ch ips the drive signals were found normal.I had proceeded with the IGBT dead time adjustment with the scope meter connected with the generator driver PCB and set it within the safer limit. I had checked the waveforms on the scope meter during the peak load condition and found ok. I performed the filament calibration at different KV and Ma station and updated the system filament drive database. This updated database might be used by the filament driver PCB to drive the filament transformer to output correct x-ray tube current according the radiation technique.After the filament calibration, I adjusted the KV and MA metering adjustment to sense and display the correct KV and MA value of X-ray tube on the console during the time radiation exposure. Also I aligned the X-ray beam with the image intensifier in different Field of views. Subsequently I had run the collimator calibration for adjusting the collimator blades in different field of views. The camera Iris opening is adjusted to set the radiation dose at a safer limit recommended by the manufacturer. The image quality was tuned to optimum level. SummaryI had checked and tuned the imaging system for the optimum image quality. I run different exposure techniques with the Image Quality Signature Test Phantom and found the values within the specification. The customer was delighted with the performance and the This Free CDR Template is brought to your courtesy of gettingdownunder. com – Free Australian Immigration advice and resources for those looking to make the move down under. image quality of the system after the completion of the service work. It was a challenge for me to troubleshoot the system with multiple failures.During the course of trouble shooting I analyzed the circuits and isolated the problem areas with the help of the knowledge acquired from my field experience and engineering course. I had learnt and applied different troubleshooting techniques to solve this issues. In nutshell I had cons idered this project as important milestone in my learning process and in my career advancement. This Free CDR Template is brought to your courtesy of gettingdownunder. com – Free Australian Immigration advice and resources for those looking to make the move down under.

Importance of Break-even analysis Essay

It is an undisputable fact that every business’ objective is to survive and make profit as compensation of being in existence. Frankly, predicting a precise amount of sales or profits is nearly impossible. No business aims at making losses whatsoever. Given this, a person starting a new business often asks, ‘’ At what level of sales will my company make a profit? ’’ This question clearly predicts the uncertainty of businesses on the level of sales at which profits will be realized. Certainly, break-even analysis is the first resort. Therefore, it becomes absolutely necessary for a business to prioritize break-even analysis when making profit oriented decisions. This leads us to the reasons why businesses should pay attention to break-even analysis. Break-even point can be defined as a point where total costs (expenses) and total sales (revenue) are equal. Specifically, break-even analysis if the use of break-even point to make cost, volume, and profit analysis. Break-even analysis offers businesses lots of benefits that are worth considering. There are a number of benefits that hitherto a business would not enjoy. The break-even analysis gives an insight about the sales level a business needs in order to make profit. It gives the business a forecast on its cost, volume, and profit behavior. Managers can determine the effect of changes in cost and volume of sales on the profit. By so doing, it guides the decision making process of a business. The break-even analysis is also helpful to managers as the provided information such as margin of safety in units and sales (MOS), and degree of leverage (DOL) can be used in making important decisions in business, for example projecting the sales level needed to obtain certain targeted profit. With the help the break-even analysis, businesses can ascertain the number of units of a product to sell to generate a targeted profit. Similarly, break-even analysis is a tool used to determine the lowest quantity of sales at which neither profit nor loss will be obtained. In a situation where the demand of a company’s product begins to fall, it would be able to determine the number of employees to maintain so as reduce production cost as well as prevent surplus. Obviously, companies incur addition storage cost to store unsold goods; hence, the break-even analysis will help managers not incur such cost. Companies can use the break-even analysis to study the relationship between selling price, fixed costs, variable costs, and sales volume and its effect on the contribution margin. Therefore, business can tell which of the element to alter in order to make a certain profit. Moreover, such analysis facilitates the managers with a quantity which can be used to evaluate the future demand. If, in case, the break-even point lies above the estimated demand, reflecting a loss on the product, the manager can use this information for taking various decisions. He might choose to discontinue the product, or improve the advertising strategies, or even re-price the product to increase demand. Furthermore, managers can use break-even analysis to determine whether an investment will generate profit or not. As a result, managers will not venture into investments that will lead to losses. Another important usage of the break-even point is that it is helpful in recognizing the relevance of fixed and variable cost. The fixed cost is less with a more flexible personnel and equipment thereby resulting in a lower break-even point. The importance of break-even point, therefore, cannot be overstated for a sound business and decision making. Additionally, the break-even analysis gives managers the understanding of how profitable different product or services might be. Managers can determine how much each product contributes to the overall profit and how relevant the product is to the firm. The most important aspect of the break even-analysis gives managers the knowledge about how much product must be sold to cover costs. Therefore, it helps managers to work hard towards selling a level of product that will cover its costs so as to make profit. In conclusion, businesses that pay attention to break-even analysis tend to understand their costs, hence are very likely to take effective decisions regarding pricing, investment, and expenditure among other things.

Andrew Lang

The world revolves around currency, in reality we all use money in our everyday life we are making it, spending it or saving it. Andrew Lang wrote â€Å"Ballade of Wordly Wealth,† through repetition in this poem we learn about the people in the 1800s and 1900s and what they thought about money. What money can buy a person is the idea of the first six lines of each stanza. But the thought of what money cannot buy is always revisited. At the end of each stanza a refrain is made â€Å"Youth, and health, and Paradise† The theme of this poem is money, so of course the word money is on repeat.The tone is didactic, â€Å"Money moves the merchants all† and â€Å"Money maketh Evil show† saying money is the start is a parallel construction. Pattern of sound is found also because there are a lot of words that end with the â€Å"th† sound examples of these words: taketh, maketh, truth, youth, health and gaineth. â€Å"Money taketh town and wall, Fort and ramp without a blow† says that with a little trickery a war could be won. â€Å"Money moves the merchants all, While the tides shall ebb and flow† because airplanes were not invented at this time the only way of travel for people was by boats.This line is saying that money will convince merchants to explore the sea because there is more money out there. â€Å"Money maketh Evil show Like the good, and truth like lies† this line is saying that to be wealthy people do evil things but think they are good. In reality people are just being greedy. â€Å"These alone can ne'er bestow Youth, and health, and paradise† this line is saying that money doesn’t last forever and won’t help you always: example: when you go to heaven. Money maketh festival, Wine she buys, and beds can strow† this line is saying that â€Å"she† (money) can buy important things or not so important things. â€Å"Marches Soldiers to and fro† refer to the military sa ying how love can be bought with money.â€Å"Gaineth ladies with sweet eyes: These alone can ne’er bestow† this line is stating that any man with money can get any woman he wanted if he had money that there love could be bought. †Money wins the priest his stall, Money mitres buys, I trow† this line is saying that with money any man can buy power. Red hats for the Cardinal, Abbeys for the novice low† this line is saying that without experience you can have the title for anything you want with money. â€Å"Money maketh sin as snow, Place of penitence supplies† this line is saying that even churches use money for the wrong things. Andrew Lang’s poem is a ballad a three stanza, eight line poem. Full of descriptive words to create tone, mood and feeling about how money has taken over and could be evil, instead of good.

Fallacies Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fallacies Analysis - Assignment Example This is a type of question that is intended to make the opponent look unavoidably bad and uncomfortable. It can be found in political campaigns aimed at the citizens’ noble feelings: e.g. do you favor voting for a party that will legalize drugs, promote gay marriages and diminishes importance of religious spirituality justifying it with democratic aspirations? In this fallacy, the premises supporting the conclusion imply that the conclusion is true. For example, one can say that the United States is the best country to live in the world because there are no other countries better than the U.S. Drawing conclusions based on the available evidence, we often suppress both available and unavailable evidence that might make the conclusion more consistent. A common instance is insisting that America is an inherently Christian nation relying on the fact that ‘in God, we trust’ is inscribed in money. However, this conclusion is inconsistent due to a suppressed evidence: this inscription was added in the middle of the 20th century because of the fear of communism. Lack of proportion is over- or underestimation of actions, arguments, and outcomes used to convince people. An instance of this fallacy can be seen in downplaying important arguments for the sake of less significant ones. For example, a mother can be worried about the risk her child faces at school, i.e. risk of a mass school shooting; but she ignores the significance of the risk the child faces going to the school by bus daily.

A Small Community Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A Small Community Business - Essay Example A Small Community Business The local stores, farms, and their cooperatives in our location greatly benefit from the existence of Ice Cream Heaven because Mr. Haynes sources his milk, dairy products, and other restaurant and cooking needs directly from the local business suppliers. Ice Cream heaven gives off that American vibe that can only see in Pop Tate's ice cream parlor in the Archie comic books. Just as our community evolved over time, so did the menu and other offerings of the restaurant. Having started out as purely an ice cream scooping station, these days it boasts of meal menus and sandwich snacks for those quick fix meals that the busy parents and students in our neighborhood requires. What is even more admirable about the business is that it hires workers from within our community. Ice Cream Heaven has 20 high school part time job type of employees that admirably helps our local families from lower income brackets survive and boosts our local economy. The annual sales of Ice Cream Heaven should be around $250,000 or more a year because of the combined income from their ice cream scooping station, ice cream gallon sales, and sit down clients. Mr Haynes told me that the taxes he pays the community has helped maintain the local park and kept the community library in business by adding computer systems for the benefit of the local public school. Ice Cream Heaven has been an integral part of my childhood and continues to be a memorable place for me as I mature into an adult. This is the place where my parents and I often had my birthday dessert when I was a child.

Spotless Laundry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Spotless Laundry - Essay Example This implies that new customers can be created. These new customers would be people previously doing their own laundry or using services of conventional laundry shops. The capital employed would come from personal equity and a very small portion will consist of loans. This is because in the initial stages of operations, it’s almost impossible to get financing from financial intermediaries. Our mission is to provide high quality, fast and reliable laundry and pressing services that would give the customer the value of their time and money. We will strive for the complete satisfaction of our clients and work on building long-lasting relationships with them. The Laundry and Cleaning industry in Dubai, UAE is more prices focused and gives importance to quality and service than was some years back. The current laundry industry in UAE has the potential of about 0.5 billion USD per year1. New projects are coming up in the next two years, i.e. 2010 and 2011, with better technologically advanced equipment. The hotels in Dubai have mostly outsourced their laundry services to small companies specializing in this. Laundry industry costs have risen over the years due to high labor and utilities (water, fuel, power) costs. Hence, efficient machinery is crucial for laundry companies so they can reduce these recurring costs and charge low prices to customers. Based on the descriptors in Annexure 1- Industry Maturity Guide, the Laundry and Cleaning Industry can be analyzed as to which stage in the Industry Maturity Cycle it belongs to. As per our analysis, it falls in between the late growth and very early maturity stage (Annexure 2 –Industry Maturity Cycle). Strengths: The start-up firm’s fast, door-step service with a polite and well mannered ‘way’ of giving the service is what will be the differentiating point for Spotless Laundry. The vans of the