Leadership - MAO ZEDONG Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership - MAO ZEDONG - Essay Example The story of Mao Zedong is one the Chinese reflect on to date. People understand that the situation of his growth to a national figure started by the decision to make a difference in the society. The idea was to allow people to understand they had rights. He wanted to show the society that even peasant farmers have a voice when it comes to making the choices within the society. He was born to wealthy farmer. From the beginning, Mao took up the nationalism sceptre as his guide towards the issues taking place within the organization. In many sessions, Mao was willing to lead the people towards a revolution and create a platform that would give them a say in the issues of the society (Shuyun, 2006). However, upon taking the leadership, he created the People’s Republic of China and stated that one party, the Communist Party of China, would control it. This reduced the participation of the people because only those accepted at the party level would have a chance at the leadership levels in the country. He played a psychological card that made it easy for him to consolidate his leadership in the country after taking up his position as the leader of the new republic (Shuyun, 2006). He wanted to see the country develop and his idea of the great leap forward was to see the country better managed, developing, and increasing its appeal to everyone across the world. People would get a chance to participate in the growth by learning new skills that would be essential for the general improvement of their lives. This set the country apart towards the achievement of greatness (Chang, & Halliday, 2005). A variety of leadership styles can be used to define the life of Mao as a leader of the great country of China. At the very start of his journey towards meeting the ideals of his people as a revolutionary, Mao was using a contingency theory of leader. Here, the leader knew that the only way of making it work in the country was by changing the leadership styles to

The initial stages of big business Essay Example for Free

The initial stages of big business Essay While the initial stages of big business trace back to pre-Civil War America, it was not until the post-Civil War time period that large corporations effected on American society. From Rockefeller to Vanderbilt to Carnegie and all in between, these men and their businesses had unprecedented influence on American life. John Rockefeller created the Standard Oil Trust, with the intention of his business, Standard Oil Company, becoming the oil monopoly; short after, The Homestead Strike against Carnegie Steel aroused massive public support for unions. Likewise, big businesses’ growth and influences brought about a decline in the cost of living and the birth of a new political party. As a whole, the rise of big business in post-Civil War America caused a downward economic spiral while simultaneously increasing American hostility toward government and corporations, ultimately leading to the birth of new political and philosophical movements. The growth of corporations in post-Civil War America led to economic deflation which subsequently widened the gap between the rich and the poor, paving the way for a change in labor and the relationships between social classes. The chart form Historical Statistics of the United States depicts the connection of the increase in big business with the improved innovations of mass production in agriculture. While improved farming equipment increased the crop production, the demand for produce declined, creating economic deflation. In response to the farmer’s plight, Charles Macune came up with the idea of the subtreasury plan, a plan that would allow farmers to store their nonperishable commodities in government warehouses until the market prices rose. Also, as a response to the farmer’s struggle the Farmer’s Alliance was created with the intention of alleviating farming hardships. Similar to agricultural mass production, Theodore Dreiser’s Sister Carrie demonstrates how the rise in big business contributed to the mass production that spurred department stores. Department stores like Macy’s and Wanamaker’s sold mass amounts of the same product for rock-bottom prices. As opposed to the few that could afford the pricey handmade garments in years prior, these prices allowed the masses to engage in commercial activity. The growth of big businesses clearly goes hand-in-hand with consolidation, where there is an increase availability of consumer goods for society. In order for there to be department stores and an increase in agricultural innovations, there need to be a transition from specialized labor to mass production. David Well’s, Recent Economic Changes†¦ asserts the opinions of a corporation leader on the switch to mass production by comparing its effectiveness and necessity to that of a military. While Wells believes specialization of labor left workers unskilled and useless, mass production stripped the worker of his independence and decreased the worker’s pride in his craft. The economic demands for mass production created sweatshops as opposed to the one-man-owned small businesses that operated prior. The rise of big business changed labor production and impacted the economy with mass production; it also changed the labor force, allowing more opportunity for employment. Prior to this time, women generally were not active in the work force, yet the picture of female typists depicts a slew of women preforming the same task. Mass production allows for more labor opportunities because unspecialized labor entails little skill. By requiring more workers, big businesses have opened the doors for women in the workplace. Andrew Carnegie’s, â€Å"Wealth† displays how the general population felt the impact of big business through the theories of â€Å"Social Darwinism† and â€Å"Social Gospel. † Carnegie believed that the wealthy were fit for success and money which is why they should handle the finances as opposed to the poor, who were subject to elites’ decisions. However, the rich needed to use their surplus funds to better the community and the lives of the less fortunate because, â€Å"He who dies rich dies in disgrace. Carnegie was a model of â€Å"Social Gospel,† considering munificent donations to parks, universities, and museums. Due to these theories, the poor experienced a new financial relationship with the wealthy, where they received generous luxuries. The impacts of big business influenced the economy and lead to deflation, a larger economic gap between the rich and the poor, a change in labor, alterations in relationships between social classes , and ultimately contributed to shifts in government that spawned new political ideals. Similar to the economic alterations brought about by the growth of corporations, big businesses contributed to a corrupt government and a wave of unprecedented political movements. The cartoon, â€Å"Big Bosses of the Senate illustrates the public’s view of government being run by the leaders of large corporations and senators aligned with trusts. The issue with the senate was that senators were not directly elected by the people and the senate was close to less powerful citizens. This allowed men with their own financial goals ahead of the welfare of the people to be elected. Cartoonist Thomas Nast earned fame with a portrayal of senator â€Å"Boss† Tweed, New York City’s wealthy convicted fraud and extortionist, as a vulture devouring the city’s bones. In 1869, Tweed proved he was a corrupt politician when used his power to ensure his protege, John Hoffman won governor, bribed Republicans, and was convicted of forgery and larceny. Due to the corruption in government, the Sherman Anti-Trust act was created; this legislation outlawed trusts and monopolies that fixed prices. In response to the corruption the Congress passed the Pendleton Civil Service, where candidates for federal positions were thoroughly examined, and the Interstate Commerce Act, where the Interstate Commerce Commission oversaw the interstate practices of the railroad industry. Another issue with government that was directly related to big business was the lack of organized labor. George McNeil’s, The Labor Movement, explains how helpless laborers felt about the excess power of those in charge of large companies. To challenge the unrestrained power, Oliver Kelley founded the Grange, an organization intended to help farmers, â€Å"buy less and produce more, in order to make famers more self-sustaining. † The Grange focused their wrath on attacking railroads which charged higher rates for short runs as opposed to long hauls. In 1877, the Grange brought the court case Munn V. S. Illinois to the Supreme Court; the Supreme Court declared the â€Å"Granger Laws† (there appeals to the railroads) as constitutional and upheld the law that set a maximum rate for the storage of grain. While the Grange targeted some of the public’s issues with leader’s unrestrained power, most people felt like they were being exploited by large firms and wanted a way to stand up to the leaders. Samuel Gomper’s, What Does Labor Want addresses the public’s desire for unions that will ensure adequate wages and compensation for company’s negligence. Since so many American’s desired the right to directly elect senators and have the right to organize, the political party, the Populist Party, was formed with a platform containing the direct election of senators, civil service reform, and an eight-hour workday. The document, â€Å"People’s Party Platform,† discusses how the Populist Party was dedicated to returning the government to the people, ending oppression, injustice, and poverty, and strengthening central government. The Populist Party supported referendum, the policy where voters could enact a law or express their views a proposed measure, and the subtreasury plan. Major advocates of the Populist Party included James Weaver who was the president of the party and a presidential candidate in 1892, galvanized supporters, and forefront speaker Mary Lease who spoke about big businesses making Americans â€Å"wage slaves. Henceforth, the growth of big businesses’ contributions to a corrupt unrestrained government and newfound political movements consequently produced a plethora of sentiments from the American people. The effects of big business in post-Civil war America roused avid opinions from citizens in response to the third-class population and corporation leader’s excessive power. Carnegie’s â€Å"Wealth† exhibits the prominent turn-of-the-century philosophy of â€Å"Social Gospel,† the belief that great wealth comes with great responsibilities. The belief came about in response to the unprecedented surplus of wealth the wealthy acquired through their profitable business endeavors. Carnegie warned the public the, â€Å"The man who dies thus rich dies disgraced,† because men have the duty to regard their surplus fortunes as a trust to be administered for the benefit of the community. Despite the fact that Carnegie responded positively to the impacts of growing corporations, many people found themselves dissatisfied with their new working conditions. McNeil’s, Labor Movement, demonstrates the laborer’s belief that the leaders of big business obtain too much power and control over the workers. The leaders placed unfair monopolies on the food and fuel industries, corrupted the government, withheld lawful wages, and discharged and employee without cause. If employers tried to organize, corporation leaders could resort to blacklisting, a method in which he would close a factory to break a labor movement before a union could form. The majority of citizens did not respond well to the unrestrained power; Gomper’s, What Does Labor Want, documents labor’s demands for the right to organize, adequate wages, and compensation for company’s negligence. In response to the people’s demands, Terrence Powderly founded the Knights of Labor, an organization which attempted to unify all working men and women. The Knights of Labor denounced â€Å"wage-slavery† and encouraged workers to combine their wages so that they could collectively purchase mines, factories, and stores. After declining in national importance, the American Federation of Labor (AFL), an alliance of skilled workers in craft unions, began to grow. The AFL opposed political activity not directly related to the union and advocated its â€Å"bread and butter† goals such as higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions. Over time, the AFL grew to be America’s most powerful labor union and in 1904, Samuel Gompers was recognized as the national spokesman for American laborers. While many people’s plights were alleviated by these organizations, some people still were devastated by the expansion of big business. George Rice’s â€Å"How I was ruined by Rockefeller,† demonstrates how Rockefeller’s monopoly on oil poked major holes in Rice’s wallet. Rice could only by the Standard Oil Company’s oil, as opposed his prior oil that was not only the same quality oil, but also, it was three cents cheaper. This practice exemplified the â€Å"American Rose Theory,† where in order for a gardener to have the best rose, he needs to cut all the other roses; in order for a company to be the best, it needed to eliminate all of its competition. This theory also plays into vertical integration, where a company buys out its competitors in order to ensure that it is the greatest. As a whole, the growth of corporations’ effects on the economy and politics were the main reasons for new philosophies pertaining to the social classes and new political demands and ideals. From the severe economic deflation, to the increased political tensions, to the birth of new political and philosophical movements, the impacts of growing big business on all aspects of post-Civil War American life are truly evident. Had mass production not contributed to agricultural innovations, then the economic deflation would not have had such a profound effect on farmer’s livelihoods. If the government was not controlled by large corporation leaders and senators aligned with trusts, then there is a large possibility that the Populist Party would have never been born. If the people were not perturbed by leader’s power, then labor movements such as the American Federation of Labor would not have occurred. Overall, the rise of big business completely changed the face and functions of American society.

Cystic Fibrosis :: essays research papers

Cystic Fibrosis Shelby Parker sits in the lotus position in the middle of a hospital bed, her slender arms resting on the pillow in her lap. Cystic fibrosis is catching up with her. At 23 years old Shelby stands at five foot two inches and weighs seventy pounds. She seems impossibly thin, her limbs are so frail it's a wonder she can lift a glass of water.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Just a year ago, Shelby was a fulltime college student, but now she spends day and night connected to an oxygen tank. A hose runs into her nose, another pumps intravenous antibiotics into her arm. An infection almost killed her in January, and nothing short of a lung transplant will save her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A tiny doe-eyed women with a child's voice, Shelby is in a life and death show down with her disease. Her lungs, scarred by repeated infections, are failing. Ten years ago, death would have loomed certain. Today there is hope. Just a few miles from where Shelby waits, doctors at the University of North Carolina are leading a national effort to cure cystic fibrosis by repairing the faulty gene that causes the disease. But that prospect is still very far off.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For Shelby, the only real hope lies in the hands her doctors who have the power to remove her weak, scarred lungs and replace them with a healthy set.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cystic Fibrosis is a disease caused by an inherited genetic defect. It is not contagious, yet about one in twenty-three people in the United States carry at least one defective gene. This statistic makes cystic fibrosis the most common genetic defect of its severity in the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For many, cystic fibrosis used to be known as a childhood disease, and to some it still is. Just thirty years ago, the median survival age was only eight, but thanks to medical advances, life expectancy is now just under forty for cystic fibrosis patients. Today there are an alarming number of adults with this disease who face an added set of problems such as: finding health insurance, going to college, getting a job, and building permanent relationships- all while keeping up physical therapy and medications. For many years the causes of cystic fibrosis were a mystery, but recent advances in biology have made the reasons much more clear. Humans have a gene encoded in their DNA, which manufactures a special protein called CFTR. This protein controls the flow of chloride ions across the cell membrane.

Music in the Roman Catholic Church Essay

The history of music draws back even to the history of the human race. Through the years, music evolved into a much complicated entity and served roles up to the level of the metaphysical. Music in the Roman Catholic Church started out during the time of Pope Gregory. They were then called canticles. This music is still part or the church’s liturgy today, but is now called Gregorian chants. Music plays a vital role in the Roman Catholic Church. In 1907, Richard R. Terry wrote a book entitled â€Å"Catholic Church Music†. He put into writing all the essential elements in Roman Catholic music. He also included the principles in church music. He defined sacred music as a complementary part of the solemn liturgy, which is the glory of God. The music possesses the qualities of the highest level, which fits on the liturgy. The form is good and holy, bringing forth universality. It is a form of art, for those who listen to it should exercise in their minds the sanctity of the liturgy embedded on to the music. At the same time, it is universal, that all nations may be able to admit the compositions into their own native music. The greatest composer of liturgical music is Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina. He was born in Palestrina in 1514 or 1515. According to documents in the Vatican, when Pierluigi was young, he would sing in the streets of Rome while selling the products of his parents’ farm. He composed madrigals, motets, psalms, and hymns in honor of the Virgin Mary, embodying liturgy into music and setting the minds of the congregation to the one and only God. The masses that he created gave him the title of â€Å"Prince of Music†. Works Cited â€Å"Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina†. newadvent. org. New Advent, n. d. Web. 4 May 2010. Terry, Richard. Catholic Church Music. London, Greening & Co. , Ltd, 1907. Print. â€Å"The history of music in church worship. essortment. com. essortment, n. d. Web. 4 May 2010.

Governmen assistance programs

Thousands of people rely on these services daily, without these programs for some daily life is not possible. I for one oppose these government assistance programs and agree with the statement † Welfare has become a system that creates dependency and is a crutch for which individuals never aspire to do better†. Food Stamps otherwise known as Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP). It is a federal aid program, administered by the U. S. Department of Agriculture.SNAP is the largest nutrition assistance program and is estimated to eave served more than 40 million low income Americans per year. The program started in 1939 due to unmarketable food surpluses and widespread unemployment. I believe Food Stamps are being abused in our society by most, and have become a free pass for Junk food, I think the government should stop funding it. WICK was created in 1974 as a response to the realization that hunger and poverty were widespread in this country and that inadequa te nutrition poses a real threat to the human body.The program is aimed at low-income pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and infants and children under the age of five. WICK started in 1968 when physicians described to the Department of Health, Education and Welfare and the USDA that young women, often pregnant, came to their clinics with various ailments that were caused by a lack of food. The doctors would prescribe needed foods, with the prescription acting as a sort of food voucher. I believe WICK keeps low Income families stable and should continue being funded.Public Housing Is housing administered by federal, state and local agencies to provide subsidized assistance for low-income households. According to Wisped â€Å"Permanent, federally funded sousing came Into being In the United States as a part of Franklin Roosevelt New Deal. Title II, Section 202 of the National Industrial Recovery Act, passed June 16, 1933, directed the Public Works Administration (PAW) to develop a program for the â€Å"construction, reconstruction, alteration, or repair under public regulation or control of low-cost housing and slum-clearance projects†¦ . However most of current-day public houses or â€Å"projects† have degenerated Into areas of poverty. I believe that public housing needs to be updated because of this reason. As according to Businesslike. Com most republicans agree that governmental orgasm should stop being funded such as Food Stamps. They claim the program Isn't tax-friendly. Democrats claim The programs help vulnerable people at a time when It Is difficult to find Jobs and feed families.Nonetheless I think these federal programs should stop being funded because they create a dependency and some waste taxpayer dollars, however I think there should be cheaper, and more thought- through alternatives that actually solve peoples problems or help to an extent without the programs being taken advantage of. Government assistance programs By playfello ws the prescription acting as a sort of food voucher. I believe WICK keeps low income families stable and should continue being funded.Public Housing is housing low-income households. According to Wisped â€Å"Permanent, federally funded housing came into being in the United States as a part of Franklin Roosevelt New public houses or â€Å"projects† have degenerated into areas of poverty. I believe that As according to Businesslike. Com most republicans agree that governmental isn't tax-friendly. Democrats claim The programs help vulnerable people at a time when it is difficult to find Jobs and feed families. Nonetheless I think these federal

Case Studies in Anthropology Essays

Case Studies in Anthropology Essays Case Studies in Anthropology Paper Case Studies in Anthropology Paper In chapter five of the book â€Å"The Yanamamo: Case Studies in Anthropology† by Napoleon A. Chagnon deals with political alliances, trading and feasting and how it fits into their culture and practices. Alliances between villages involve casual trading, mutual feasting and the exchange of women. Their power exists with the ideal that the stronger villages should take advantages of the weaker villages and this is shown by taking of the women of one village from another. Because of this military threat intervillage alliance is desirable and villages should behave in a strong fashion so trade alliances are very important. There are three distinct features of Yanamano trading practices. The first is that each item traded must be repaid with a different type of item. Who ever gets the gift must repay his partner and this is called no mraiha. This way of giving must be paid back and is a leverage to ask for a reciprocal gift. Second the gift is usually delayed. The ideal is that one trade will force the other and gives members of neighboring villages an excuse and opportunity to visit each other. The third is the specialization of the gifts. Each village has one or more specialized products to use in trade. The feast is a display of affluence and is a way to challenge the guests to give a feast of equal size at a later time and place. Sometimes so much food is offered that the guest will eat too much go and vomit and then return to eat more. Each feast calls for another. This is a way for allies to get to know each other during the dry season and over the years. Feasts are exciting and form a bond between the villages for years. Reference: Chagnon, N. A. (1997). The Yanamamo: Case studies in anthropology. N. J. : Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Possible questions for a test: 1. What is the importance of aggression in the Yanamano’s culture? (2-3 page answer) 2. What are the three features of trading practices among the Yanamamo culture? (short essay) 3. How are Women viewed in this culture? (Short essay).

Author Website Design Inspiration 5 Ideas to Build the Perfect Website

Author Website Design Inspiration 5 Ideas to Build the Perfect Website Author Website Design Inspiration: 5 Ideas From Bestselling Authors Author websites are the one place readers get to judge a book by its cover†¦ or in this case, the webpage. We’ve already written an extensive piece with tips for building an effective author website: 10 Tips to Build The Perfect Author Website,  but we thought we could go even further and offer you some actual  inspiration  and ideas to get started on yours.The main goal of your website is to allow you to connect with your readers, and help convert them into loyal customers. It’s obvious that authors are masters of language, but when it comes to the web, some don’t deem it necessary to have a strong internet presence. And that’s exactly where a dedicated reader can be made†¦or lost.  So the author website design inspiration you'll find in this post will be geared towards one main goal: creating loyal readers. Idea  #1: Adding teasers to your author websiteOnce an avid reader has finished a great book, they immediately want to read another; it’s an addiction. So when they make their way to your author website, the first thing they should see on your homepage is a feature on what you’re working on next. Readers want some exclusivity!Nothing is worse than finishing your new favorite book or the first book in a series and going to the author’s website to find out when the next one will be published and there’s absolutely zero information. It’s simply heartbreaking coming from a reader’s eyes and also from a marketing perspective.Case in point? If you're a loyal reader of George R.R. Martin's  A Song of Ice and Fire series (aka  Game of Thrones), you probably want to know when  Winds of Winter is going to be finished. So you head to the author's website, and†¦ you see this.We understand that being a published author means that you’r e extremely busy working on your next book, but creating a separate email account for the sole purpose of receiving feedback from your followers is extremely controlled and feasible. (And if you’re having a bad day, reading a little fan mail should cure that!)Similarly, designing the website so that the "Contact" page is immediately available from the menu is crucial. If people want to get in touch with you, your design should make  it as easy for them as you can.Also, if you’re feeling sociable, make it easy for your readers to find you on social media - Twitter, Instagram, Facebook  - with the help of push buttons. It will be easier to â€Å"like† what they tweet or tag you in and  if they tweet positive feedback, they’re marketing for you!Or you can try Nick Stephenson’s approach to staying in touch: homing pigeons 😉Idea  #4:  Make the best first impressionA reader coming to your website usually wants one thing: to know more about you. The first thing they'll do is click to your "bio" page. We know writers hate writing about themselves (unless you're a memoir writer!), but  you gotta give readers what they want, so feel free to  indulge yourself with  some healthy bragging.But  how do you write the ultimate author bio? The trick is to write more than one. As a writer, rewriting and re-editing comes with the territory. Write multiple versions of your bio blurb until you’ve broken down your shyness barrier and created a bio that truly defines you not only as an author, but also as a person. And continuing our point in idea  #2, continue to keep it fresh by updating it as you move along in your career.Now, since you're here for some inspiration, take a look at  Lindsay Buroker's bio page. It's  a great case in point  for being genuine and true to your  work. She’s honest, witty, and real in her bio blurb.Idea  #5:  The website as  an extension of your bookThere is one question we haven't addressed yet: how do you get  as many  readers as possible to actually go to your website?  The first thing  is to write a really really good book. The better the book, the more the author will want to learn more about you and your other work, and head to your website for that.Then, you need to make sure that you actually link to your website at the beginning and end of all your ebooks. You also need to make sure you pick a simple URL, like "firstnamelastname.com" or "seriesname.com." That way, your website will likely show up as the first result on Google when readers Google you.But the ultimate way to get authors to check out your site is to turn it into an extension of your book, by linking it to one of your characters, or places, or adding more to the story.  Not sure what we mean by that? You'll find some inspiration in ML Banner's story:"I had a character in the book who was a scientist and I thought: it’d be really cool if he had this res earch institute. So I created a persona for him online: a G+ profile, a Twitter account, and a website for the CMER Institute. The key was really to think from my character’s standpoint and see what I would do, in his place, to get the word out about this phenomenon that endangers the world.The beautiful thing about eBooks is the connectivity: you can embed hyperlinks. So I linked to this CMERI website where my character actually offered a free ebook called â€Å"The Apocalypse Survival Guide†. And I actually got over 1,200 downloads of that book. Some people even seem to believe that the CMERI is real, as I got a couple of media inquiries!"You have all the best practices in one: link to the website in the book, social media, free additional content, and a website that truly takes the story to another level. Of course, your author website's design should match the "branding" of your book or series, and ideally  feature  some of the imagery used on the cover. Our b est advice for that is to put  your author website design in the hands of a Reedsy professional.What are your favourite author websites out there? Which ones do you turn to for design inspiration? What other tips would you add to this list? Let us know your thoughts in the comments below!